An array of high-speed optical switches is needed for the optical tapped
delay line
(OTDL)
multiplexer to digitally encode the input optical pulse stream. Electroabsorption
modulators based on InGaAs/InAlAs multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs) are being
developed to fill this role. We have fabricated a waveguide device
with an MQW region that modulates the input light passing through the waveguide.
The modulation is accomplished by changing the absorption in the MQW region
with an applied electric field. The applied field redshifts the bandedge
of the MQW region, thus shifting the absorption in the waveguide.
For input light with a wavelength of 1550 nm, the waveguide exhibits low
attenuation of the optical power with zero applied bias; with a 2-V reverse
bias, the attenuation is 10 dB. Thus, the device acts as an optical
switch when the electrical bias is switched between 0 and -2 V. Figure
1 shows an array of three 500-
mm
long by 4-
mm wide waveguide modulators
with metal contact pads. Light is coupled into and out of one waveguide
through two lensed fibers, and the metal contact pads allow an electric
field to be placed across the MQW region. An important property of these
devices is the ability to modulate at high frequencies, as shown in Figure
2. The initial 500-
mm long
modulators have a bandwidth of 6 GHz, and are capacitance limited.
Thus, by reducing the length to 250
mm,
a bandwidth of 12 GHz (suitible for 10-Gb/s operation) should be achieved.
Figure 1. Waveguide electroabsorption modulator array with ground-signal-ground
probes (top) which provide the electrical bias to the device. Two lensed
optical fibers couple light into and out of the waveguide.
Figure 2. Output optical power (detector voltage) as a function of
time from the modulator. The device is driven by a 5-GHz electrical signal
while a continuous-wave laser source with a wavelength of 1550 nm provides
the input optical power. The bandwidth of the modulator was estimated
to be 6 GHz from the rise and fall times of the detector signal.
For more information, contact Dr. Stephen Ralph at stephen.ralph@ece.gatech.edu.