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Applications
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Description
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Tracking
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Real-time Pedestrian Tracking
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Tracks people who are moving in a scene (e.g., walking,
running, or riding bikes along a sidewalk, indoor corridor,
crosswalk, etc.) and computes statistics of pedestrian
traffic flow.
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Ball Tracking in Sports Video
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Tracks a moving ball and predicts its future
trajectory. Circularity and eccentricity metrics are used
to identify candidate balls and path prediction is
performed using classic curve fitting.
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Image Transforms
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Discrete Fourier Transform
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Transforms an image from the spatial domain to the frequency
domain (and vice-versa).
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Discrete Cosine Transform
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Exploits the spatial redundancy inherent in image data, and it is
a fundamental component of image compression standards.
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Discrete Wavelet Transform
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Used in image transmission and compression standards.
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Image Rotation
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Two-step rotation operator to rotate the image in the focal plane
by any specified angle.
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Image Enhancement
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Intensity Level Slicing
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Binarizes the input image, to reduce its bit depth to 2 bpp.
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Convolution
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Performs different filtering operations, such as shadowing, smoothing, and edge detection.
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Magnification
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Performed in digital zooms for cameras and camcorders to enlarge some portion of the image by a given factor.
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Median Filtering
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Removes binary noise from an image while preserving spatial resolution.
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Image and Video Compression
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Quantization
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Selects a discrete number of symbols onto which to map the
amplitudes according to the level of information content
(used in compression standards).
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Vector Quantization
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Compresses and quantizes collections of input data, as an
alternative to scalar quantization, by mapping small clusters
of input data into a predefined set of symbols.
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Entropy Coding
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Maps the sequence of symbols produced by a quantization
process into binary words (used in compression standards).
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JPEG Compression
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Still-image compression standard.
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Motion Estimation
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Removes temporal redundancies between video frames. It is a
core building block in several video compression standards,
such as MPEG, H.263 and similar.
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MPEG Compression
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MPEG-1 compression standard.
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Image Analysis
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Morphological Processing
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Performs feature extraction and segmentation of binary images.
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Region Representation
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Generates a more efficient representation of the original
image using a quadrant tree algorithm, to quickly identify
regions of interest.
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Region Autofocus
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Isolates a small region of interest within a given image
based on some selected features, and it provides a magnified
version of this image for further analysis.
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K-means Classification
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Segments large images into specific objects or areas of
interest. Typically, this technique is useful in search and
rescue operations where large areas must be scanned for
specific objects.
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Color Imaging
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VSobel
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Extracts color edge information from an image through a Sobel
operator that accounts for local changes in both luminance
and chrominance components.
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SMF
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Removes impulse noise from an image by replacing each color
component with a median value in a 3 × 3 window that is
stepped across the entire image. The three resulting images
are then combined to produce a final output image.
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VMF
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Suppresses impulse noise from an image through a vector
approach that is performed simultaneously on three color
components (i.e., Y, Cb, and Cr).
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Color Vector Quantization
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Compresses and quantizes collections of input data by mapping
k-dimensional vectors in vector space Rk onto a finite set of
vectors. A full search vector quantization using both
luminance and chrominance components is used to find the best
match in terms of the chosen cost function.
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FSVBMA
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Removes temporal redundancies between video frames in
MPEG/H.26L video applications. A full search block-matching
algorithm using both luminance and chrominance components is
used to find one motion vector for all components.
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Chromakey
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Combines foreground and/or background frames into a final
image (e.g., television weather programs).
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